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Adulticidal And Larvicidal Activity Of Cassia Fistula And Piper Nigrum Against Anopheles (Malaria Vector).

by Sara Mehmood | Dr. Muhammad Lateef | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Khalid Saeed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Mosquitoes are major vectors, in transmitting many diseases like malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever etc, which are greatly, affecting human beings worldwide. Malaria is a major global health problem. There are estimated 247 million malaria cases with almost half of the global population at risk and nearly a million deaths each year. Several Anopheles species are responsible for transmission of malaria .i.e. Anopheles stephensi, An. Subpictus. Control of mosquitoes primarily depends on chemical insecticides includes organochlorine, organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids, IGRs etc, but all these chemicals have developed a feedback of environment ill-effect, have negative impact on non-targeted biota and most mosquitoes species have become physiologically resistant to these insecticides. These problems have highlighted the need for the development of new strategies for mosquito control. Botanical insecticides are naturally occurring products that are derived from plants. The use of plant extracts for insect control has several appealing features, as these are generally more biodegradable, less hazardous, and rich storehouse of chemicals of diverse biological activity. The current study were carried out to evaluate the activity of methanol extract of leaves of C.fistula, and ripened fruits of P. nigrum against Anopheles mosquito. Among both of these plants the methanolic extracts of Piper nigrum (black pepper) were exhibited remarkable adulticidal and larvicidal potentials. The percentage mortalities were increased by gradual increase in extracts concentrations. Larvae were more susceptible to these methanolic pepper extracts than adults. Larvae were showed mortalities even at very low concentrations. The LC50 values obtained by using probit analysis were 25.05 ppm and 12.05 ppm after 24 hrs and 48 hrs respectively, whereas LC90 were 78.63 ppm and 53.06 ppm respectively for aulticidal bioassays. Larvicidal assays were also showed good results having LC50 values as 3.87 ppm and 2.07 ppm after 24 hrs and 48 hrs respectively, whereas LC90 were 10.63 ppm and 6.56 ppm respectively. Cassia fistula (golden shower) leaf extracts were also showed promising mosquitocidal efficacy against Anopheles stephensi. LC50 values obtained by using probit analysis were 35.13 ppm and 16.18 ppm after 24 hrs and 48 hrs respectively, whereas LC90 were 94.57 ppm and 76.43 ppm respectively for aulticidal bioassays. Larvicidal assays were also showed good results having LC50 values as 44.99 ppm and 24.40 ppm after 24 hrs and 48 hrs respectively, whereas LC90 were 106.12 ppm and 76.30 ppm respectively. It is concluded that methanolic extracts of these plants Cassia fistula and Piper nigrum have high potential of adulticidal & larvicidal activities. So the extracts of these plants can be used as an alternatives to the conventional insecticides for long lasting mosquito problems as these are less hazardous and ecologically feasible. However, a lot of work on biochemistry as well as insectidal activity and on other aspects has to be done. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1474,T] (1).

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Prevalence Of Defferent Developmental Stages Of Aedes Mosquitoes And Their Role In Transmission Of Dengue

by Sabila Afzal | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Aftab A | Dr. Muhammad Latif.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1735,T] (1).

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Comparative Efficacy Of Different Diagnostic Techniques For Ovine Haemonchosis Through Faecal

by Sadaf Anwar | Dr. Muhammad Lateef | Dr. Aftab | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Livestock plays pivotal role in the economy of country and small ruminants are the major source of food products for human. Haemonchus contortus is the most significant parasite of small ruminants and cause heavy production losses by causing reduction in meat and wool production. The parasite directly affects the health of an animal and causes anemia, hemorrhages, anorexia, weight loss and death of affected animal. This study was designed to diagnose the Haemonchosis in sheep in and around Lahore. The accurate diagnoses of the parasite are important for its control and treatment. Direct smear, floatation technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were applied to check the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing Haemonchosis in sheep. For this purpose 100 faecal samples were collected randomly from different areas of Lahore. Each faecal sample was examined by direct smear method and floatation technique. Out of 100 faecal samples 44 were microscopically positive. 30 by direct smear method and 44 by floatation technique. Specific primers were designed to diagnose Haemonchosis in sheep by using ITS-2 Region. 44 microscopically positive samples were confirmed by PCR. 29 (66%) samples were found to be PCR-positive and 15 (34%) were found to be PCR-negative. Several other species of parasites were also found during microscopic examination of faecal samples. Two samples wetre found positive for coccidial oocyst and seven samples were also positive for other nematodes along with Haemonchus spp. Flotation technique was found to be superior in diagnosis of Haemonchosis as compared to direct smear. Conclusion: From current study it is concluded that Haemonchosis is widely prevalent in ovines. Its accurate diagnosis is essential for the treatment of infectious diseases and control of this parasite. Molecular technique has the advantage over conventional diagnostic techniques because PCR is more specific than conventional methods of diagnosis. According to the present study by conventional method there is 34% error chances to diagnose other Trichstrongylid eggs as Haemochus spp. The main advantage of using PCR as diagnostic test, are an increased speed of diagnosting the disease and its capability to notice low worm burden in small volume of faeces from individual animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1809,T] (1).

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Phylogenetic Analysis Of Plasmodium Species In Sparrows And Domestic Chicken

by Ghanwa ahmad | Dr. Haroon Akbar | Dr. Muhammad lateef | Prof Dr. Aftab.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2075,T] (1).

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